NUDGEに登場した英単語

品詞	単語	意味	用例
v	hatch	もくろむ	They hatched an interesting idea.
aj	salient	目立つ	It was the carrot sticks that were made more salient.
aj	mischievous	いたずら好きな	She has received some suggestions from her usually sincere but occasionally mischievous friends.
	best off	うまくいく	Arrange the food to make the students best off.
aj	intrusive	立ち入りすぎている	That option seems a bit intrusive.
aj	principled	道理に基づいている	Arranging the food at random could be considered fair-minded and principled.
aj	honorable	高潔な	The option might seem to be an honorable attemp to avoid intrusion.
n	figment	虚構	She is a figment of our immagination.
n	ballot	投票用紙	You design the ballot voters use to choose candidates.
aj	aesthetic	審美的な	Aesthetic constraints will be imposed.
	a rule of thumb	経験則	A good rule of thumb is to assume that everything matters.
n	urinal	小便器	The authorities etched the image of a black housefly into each urinal.
v	endear	愛する	Many people find it endearing.
v	revile	罵る	Why combine two reviled and contradictory concepts?
v	reinforce	補強する	People make plenty of mistakes, which reinforces the view well stated by Beatles.
aj	unsavory	好ましくない	Companies can use the concepts to increase sales in unsavory way.
aj	premature	早すぎる	Obesity leads to premature death.
n	inertia	惰性	The status quo bias is a fancy name for inertia.
ad	pervasively	普及している方法で	People’s choices are pervasively influenced by the design.
aj	competent	能力のある	They worry that governments cannot be trusted to be competent or benign.
aj	benign	親切な	They worry that governments cannot be trusted to be competent or benign.
n	coercion	強圧	The misconception is that paternalism always involves coercion.
aj	inept	不適当な	The risks of inept or even corrupt designs are reduced.
n	plight	苦境	If you live elsewhere, please take pity on our plight.
v	vindicate	立証する	We are pleased to report that, far more than we could have anticipated, that belief has been vindicated.
ad	teasingly	からかうように	He teasingly asked whether the administrators had remembered to log on and adjust their benefits package.
n	haunt	よく行くところ	When he showed this example to her at their usual lunch haunt, she grabbed her chopstick to check.
aj	unwieldy	扱いにくい	The third of the original three heuristic bears an unwieldy name: representativeness.
n	decile	十分位	In which decile do you expect to fall in the distribution of grades in this class?
v	nail down	正しく認識する	The precise number is hard to nail down.
v	quip	皮肉を言う	Second marriage, he once quipped, “is the triumph of hope over experience.”
n	immunity	免疫	When they overestimate their personal immunity to harm, people may fail to take sensible preventive steps.
v	offset	相殺する	This implies that the prospect of wining 200 just offsets the prospect of losing 100.
v	dub	あだ名をつける	He have dubbed this behavior status quo bias, and it has been demonstrated in numerous situations.
aj	grueling	へとへとに疲れさせる	Suppose that you are suffering from serious heart disease and your doctor proposes a grueling operation.
n	ordeal	試練	You are understandably curious about the odds of surviving this ordeal.
aj	imbecile	大馬鹿な	Was he a genius or imbecile?
v	clamor	騒ぎ立てる	He clamored to go inside and buy something.
aj	scenic	眺望の良い	One of the most scenic urban thoroughfares in the world is Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, which hugs the lake Michigan coastline that is the city’s eastern boundary.
n	thoroughfare	主要道路	One of the most scenic urban thoroughfares in the world is Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, which hugs the lake Michigan coastline that is the city’s eastern boundary.
v	heed	心にとめる	For a long time, many drivers failed to take heed of the reduced speed limit and wiped out.
aj	tactile	触知できる	The stripes do not provide much if any tactile information but rather just send a visual signal to drivers.
n	apex	頂点	Touch the brake before the apex of the curve.
v	nibble	かじる	He was hosting dinner for some guests and put out a large bowl of cashew nuts to nibble on with drink.
n	elaboration	推敲	Human beings have been aware of the concept of temptation at least since the time of Adam and Eve, but for purpose of understanding the value of nudges, that concept needs elaboration.
n	arousal	覚醒	For us the crucial fact about temptation is that people’s state of arousal varies over time.
v	emanate	(光、音、香り)を発する	When she is very hungry and appetizing aromas are emanating from the kitchen, we can say she is in a hot state.
aj	skimpy	けちけちした	The salad she planned to eat for dinner now seems skimpy.
aj	myopic	近視眼的な	Self-control problems can be semiautonomous selves: a farsighted “Planner” and a myopic “Doer”.
v	fortify	強くする	We ask friends to fortify our efforts to quit smoking.
	rein in	抑制する	Doers are often difficult to rein in, and they can foil the best efforts of Planners.
v	foil	計画等をくじく	Doers are often difficult to rein in, and they can foil the best efforts of Planners.
aj	groggy	手に負えない	Planners have a number of available strategies to control recalcitrant Doers.
v	procrastinate	ぐずぐずする	He needed to stop procrastinating and get his thesis done.
n	drudgery	単調な仕事	He always put off the drudgery of writing up the thesis
aj	pallid	青白い、淡々とした	The scheme worked because the pain of having him cash the check and have a party at her expense was more salient than the rather abstract and pallid forgone contribution to her retirement savings plan.
v	forgo	なしで済ませる、見合わせる	The scheme worked because the pain of having him cash the check and have a party at her expense was more salient than the rather abstract and pallid forgone contribution to her retirement savings plan.
ad	outright	徹底的に	Some items such as heroin are banned outright.
v	buckle	締める、留める	There are laws requiring people to buckle their seatbelts, refrain from texting while driving.
	at stake	問題となって	Requirements and bans of this kind are pure rather than libertarian paternalism, though third-party interests are often also at stake.
v	inflict	課す、負わせる	Interest in taxes based on sugar content can be explained in similar terms; they might combat internalities, understood as the harms that we inflict on our future selves.
v	redeem	償還する	Funds cannot be withdrawn until a year later, when the total amount is redeemed.
v	cater	まかなう	Markets provide strong incentive for firms to cater to the demands of consumers.
n	mishap	軽い事故	This provided him with a form of mental insurance against minor financial mishap
n	parlance	(修飾語を伴って)用語	The money that has recently been won is called house money because in gambling parlance the casino is referred to as the house.
n	windfall	意外な授かり物	People are far more likely to splurge impulsively on a big luxury purchase when they receive an unexpected windfall than they are with savings that they have accumulated over time.
v	splurge	散財する	People are far more likely to splurge impulsively on a big luxury purchase when they receive an unexpected windfall than they are with savings that they have accumulated over time.
n	ledger	元帳	In many cases, these are literally different accounts, as opposed to entries in a mental ledger. ※as oppose to 対照的に、entry 記入
n	sanctity	神聖	The sanctity of these accounts can lead to seemingly bizarre behavior.
aj	spiffy	素晴らしい、カッコいい	We hear that a spiffy electric bike was the latest purchase from that account.
n	hemline	ドレスなどの裾	Econ’s hemlines do not go up and down except for practical reasons.
n	prophecy	予言	Telling people that a new norm is emerging can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
n	wrath	激怒	If you care about what other people think about you, you might go along with the crowd to avoid their wrath or curry their favor.
	curry one’s favor	機嫌を取る	If you care about what other people think about you, you might go along with the crowd to avoid their wrath or curry their favor.
n	fad	気まぐれな熱狂	Broadcasters mimic one another, producing otherwise inexplicable fads in programming.
v	defy	無視する	If you are a Human, and you really participated in the experiment, you might well follow those who preceded you and say what they said, thus defying the evidence of your own senses.
v	poll	投票する	When polled individually, subjects did not agree with one another, and their answers varied significantly from one trial to another.
aj	intriguing	面白い	It shows intriguing differences across nations.
v	blunder (v)	つまづく	Sometimes people will go along with the group even when they think, or know, that everyone else has blundered.
n	stab	企て	This is not surprising; because the light did not move, any judgement about distance was a stab in the literal dark.
v	entrench	立場を固める	An arbitrary tradition can become entrenched over time.
al	robust	たくましい	We can see why many traditions are robust over decades or centuries, even if they really are arbitrary, in the sense that they make no sense and serve no purpose.
v	perpetuate	不朽にする	Once a practice has become established, it can be perpetuated, even if there is no reason for it.
aj	subversive	破壊する	People were asked, ” Which one of the following do you feel is the most important problem facing our country today?” Five alternatives were offered: economic recession, educational facilities, subversive activities, mental health, and crime and corruption.
v	headquarter	本部を設ける	Companies should be taxed in the countries where they are headquartered rather than ln the countries where their revenues are generated.
n	revenue	収入	Companies should be taxed in the countries where they are headquartered rather than ln the countries where their revenues are generated.
v	beware	気をつける	Beware of that temptation.
v	fizzle	たち消える	Most of today’s political leaders are hard to distinguish from dozens or even hundreds of others whose candidacies badly fizzled.
n	candidacy	立候補	Most of today’s political leaders are hard to distinguish from dozens or even hundreds of others whose candidacies badly fizzled.
aj	hilarious	陽気な	For a vivid and somewhat hilarious example of how social influences can affect beliefs even if no one plans anything, consider the Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic.
n	windshield	車のフロントガラス	For a vivid and somewhat hilarious example of how social influences can affect beliefs even if no one plans anything, consider the Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic.
ad	duly	型通りに、時間通りに、正式に	The newspaper duly reported the risks.
v	twitch	ぴくぴく動く、痙攣する	Videos of adolescent girls with all sorts of symptoms-twitching, fainting, falling unconscious appeared on social media platforms.
v	alleviate	緩和する	This finding did not alleviate public concerns.
n	uptake	摂取	HPV vaccine uptake among eligible girls fell to 14 percent for the first dose.
v	flock	群がる	When voters flock to one candidates or another, they are each making what they believe to be an independent judgment on the successful candidate’s behalf.
aj	stunningly	驚くほどに	Consider Texas’s now classic and stunningly successful effort to reduce littering on its highways.
n	littering	ポイ捨て	Consider Texas’s now classic and stunningly successful effort to reduce littering on its highways.
v	dislodge	追い払う	Many social practices persist for this reason, which means a small shock, or nudge, can dislodge them.
v	embolden	勇気づける、大胆にさせる	As people became aware of what others actually thought, they were emboldened to say what they believed, and to act accordingly.
v	inaugurate	開始する	If people wrongly think that most people are committed to a long-standing social norm, a small nudge correcting that misperception can inaugurate large-scale change.
aj	voluminous	夥しい	A voluminous body of research finds that informing people about the social norm can be effective.
aj	substantial	しっかりした、相当な	The impact of these letters was substantial.
aj	negligible	取るに足らない	The costs are negligible.
aj	abhorrent	忌まわしい	Others felt equally strongly that same-sex marriage was abhorrent.
v	bestow	授ける	Same-sex couples felt that they were being discriminated against, since only opposite-sex couples were eligible for marriage, a term that bestowed both legal and social status.
n	provision	条項	All such legal provisions would be defined by the status granted by governments.
v	contest	争う	If the government got out of the marriage business, the whole area would become less contested.
n	moot	論点	We still like that idea, but twelve years of history has rendnred it largely moot.
n	backlash	反動	The court’s decision did not produce much of a backlash.
aj	ditzy	馬鹿な	We have seen that people perform amazing feats, but they also commit ditzy blunder.
n	blunder (n)	間違い	We have seen that people perform amazing feats, but they also commit ditzy blunder.
n	frailty	弱点	Markets often give companies a strong incentives to cater to our frailties, rather than try to eradicate them.
n	absentminded	上の空	We have limited attention and can be absentminded.
aj	feasible	実行可能	It is feasible to send well-timed prompts.
aj	ubiquitous	至る所にある	Although reminders have become ubiquitous, that does not mean that there are not new ways of helping people keep track of their appointments.
n	ritual	慣習的行為	Commercial pilots always go through a formal ritual before every take off. ※ go through いちいち行う
v	pipe up	甲高い声をあげる	Nurses might normally be reluctant to pipe up if a famous surgeon has skipped a step, but if it is considered part of their job, they do it.
n	loaf	パンの塊	We are more likely to need more help picking the right mortgage than choosing the right loaf of bread.
v	execute	実行する	The first time people try to execute this motion, they are lucky if the ball goes over the net.
	thus far	これまでに	The discussion thus far suggests that people may most need a good nudge for choices that require memory or have delayed effects.
aj	bogus	偽の	A colorful and illustrative example is the sale of bogus medical treatment, a practice that can be found in various forms.
n	ailment	(慢性の)病気	Snake oil was said to cure many ailments.
n	scam	詐欺	Many scams and swindles reemerge in slightly different forms over the years.
n	swindle	騙し取ること	Many scams and swindles reemerge in slightly different forms over the years.
n	crutch	杖	Someone in the crowd on crutches soon emerges and challenges the doctor, calling him a fraud.
n	knack	たくみな技	It would help to have a knack for brazen lying, and no qualms about taking money from innocent bystanders.
n	qualm	気の咎め	It would help to have a knack for brazen lying, and no qualms about taking money from innocent bystanders.
n	sheriff	法行政官	They got in trouble with the local sheriff.
v	trump	負かす	It turns out that the latter instinct trumps the former.
aj	unobtrusively	押し付けがましくないように	They tried to sneak out of the room as unobtrusively as possible.
aj	persuasive	説得力のある	Subjects were Yale seniors who were given some persuasive education about the risk of tetanus and the importance to going to the health center to receive an inoculation.
n	inoculation	摂取	Subjects were Yale seniors who were given some persuasive education about the risk of tetanus and the importance to going to the health center to receive an inoculation.
n	tetanus	破傷風	Subjects were Yale seniors who were given some persuasive education about the risk of tetanus and the importance to going to the health center to receive an inoculation.
v	incline	その気にさせる	If you are so inclined, hum it to the tune of the old Eagles song: Take It Easy.
v	reiterate	何度も繰り返す	We should reiterate that defaults are not always sticky.
aj	ancillary	補助的な	If you are buying some product online, you might be prompted to buy some ancillary service, too.
	prompt A to do	駆り立ててさせる	If you are buying some product online, you might be prompted to buy some ancillary service, too.
aj	arcane	難解な、奥義の	Most users do not want to have to read an incomprehensible manual to determine which arcane setting to select.
v	wave	手を振って合図する	Locals now just use an electronic card that they wave at a sensor.
	in stark contrast	全く対照的に	In stark contrast is the system still used ln most Chicago parking garages.
n	incontinent	失禁	He may have difficulty forecasting what life would be like if he were incontinent.
n	curator	館長	He provides a function similar to that of a curator at a museum.
v	winnow	分ける	They often winnow the choice set down to a manageable size.
v	counteract	反作用で中和する	People work to counteract their own self-control problems, often by redesigning the architecture　ー　for example, making certain options harder or less fun.
aj	fabulous	素敵な	Alternatives that do not meet the minimum cutoff levels may be eliminated even if they are fabulous on all other dimensions.
n	predilection	好み、偏愛	You like books that fit your predilections.
n	depreciation	減価償却	People underweight the opportunity costs of car ownership and possibly other less salient aspects, such as depreciation.
v	hawk	呼び売りする	There is an old tradition of late-night commercials that hawk some kind of gadget.
v	flounder	まごつく	If they do not, people will flounder.
ｎ	complement	補足してか完全にするもの	A good complement to this advice is to make the desired activity fun.
v	dread	恐れる	Tom dreads the tedious task at hand.
aj	tedious	つまらない	Tom dreads the tedious task at hand.
v	pique	そそる	Whenever we can pique our curiosity, we will find that people are willing to undertake that activity.
aj	viable	実行可能な	We very much doubt that it is an economically viable strategy.
aj	fecal	糞便の	It haves the fecal pollution ln its street.
ad	solemnly	粛粛と	She solemnly informed the people that the Easter Bunny would be exempt from the restriction.
v	flummox	めんくらわせる	We would be flummoxed.
n	mortgage	担保	What kind of mortgage to get?
n	rodent	齧歯類	If you want to sell your house, there is a long list of things you cannot keep secret. Any lead pipes? A leaky roof? A large family of very friendly rodents living in the attic?
n	attic	屋根裏	If you want to sell your house, there is a long list of things you cannot keep secret. Any lead pipes? A leaky roof? A large family of very friendly rodents living in the attic?
aj	pertinent	適切な	All these things have to be disclosed, to use the fancy legal word for informing others of pertinent information.
n	acronym	頭語	It was an acronym whose unabbreviated meaning even we cannot remember.
v	abbreviate	略して書く	It was an acronym whose unabbreviated meaning even we cannot remember.
n	hunch	予感	We have a strong hunch that there is no one in the world who has read all those words.
n	obfuscation	人を困惑させるもの	In what meaningful sense dose such a document deserve to be called disclosure? Obfuscation would seem to be more appropriate.
v	binge	節度なく楽しむ	Did you binge your way through three seasons during one long rainy weekend?
aj	preemptive	先制の	The public utilities have notorious, first for causing wildfires, later for preemptive power outages to prevent a recurrence of the same threat.
n	outage	停電	The public utilities have notorious, first for causing wildfires, later for preemptive power outages to prevent a recurrence of the same threat.
n	corollary	自然に導き出せる結論	This principle has an obvious corollary.
aj	baffling	くじく	If you want to discourage poor people from getting economic benefits, require them to navigate a baffling website and to answer a large number of questions.
v	segregate	隔離する	Smokers were segregated into smoking sections.
v	delve	探求する	We delve briefly dark side.
	bog down	身動きを取れなくする	We will use it here in part because it is fun, without getting too much bogged down on definition.
n	contraceptive	避妊具	Making it hard to get contraceptives is another example of sludge.
v	proofread	校正する	The software our publishers provided when we were proofreading the galleys of this book was so sludge-ridden that he gave up and typed up a list of changes.
aj	stiff	やけに高い(口語)	The price was a bit stiff. ※かたい I have a stiff shoulder.
aj	pernicious	有害な	There is nothing pernicious about price discrimination as such.
v	reimburse	払い戻す	A good example is how business travel is monitored and reimbursed.
aj	furious	怒り狂った	He was furious and he eventually quit his job.
v	vow	誓っていう	When he started his company, he vowed that it would be run differently.
aj	onerous	厄介な	They did not have to complete the onerous financial aid forms.
v	implement	履行する	It is a fact of life that rules have to be both implemented and enforced, and those activity can be costly.
n	toll	料金	The revenues from the tolls exceed the cost of the bridge.
aj	whopping	大きな	The government has imposed a whopping eleven billion hours in annual paperwork burdens on us.
n	dividend	配当	A sludge-reduction effort would pay big dividends.
n	vicinity	周辺	The annual budget of the TSA is in the vicinity of 8 billion dollars.
	suffice it to say that	…といえば十分だろう	Suffice it to say we have a lot of questions.
aj	incremental	ますます増大する	All this means that progress on reducing sludge in government will likely be incremental.
ad	succinctly	簡潔に	He replies quite succinctly.
v	vest	与える	There is a minimum employment period before any benefits are vested.
n	hindsight	後知恵	The solution to solving the enrollment problem is obvious, at least in hindsight.
n	chastity	純潔	God, give me chastity…But not yet.
aj	uncanny	奇怪な、超人的な	Throughout the history, investors have shown an uncanny ability to mistime their investment decisions.
n	ebb	引潮	There is growing evidence that most people would be better off not paying attention to the ebbs and flows of the stock market.
n	flow	上潮	There is growing evidence that most people would be better off not paying attention to the ebbs and flows of the stock market.
v	trail	下回る	His return trailed others by more than three percent per year.
aj	meticulous	細心の注意	The Danes keep meticulous records on household wealth as well as income.
	pernicious	致命的な	Since turnover is high in low-paying jobs, this is a pernicious problems, but one that we can solve.
	forfeit	罰として失う	Participants must make an active choice or they forfeit their contributions.
	quibble with	つまらない議論をする	Overall, though many would quibble with some of the choices made, most experts would consider this fund to be a reasonable and inexpensive option.
	folly	愚かさ	In the first dream, one being dreamt by a free-market economist with a peaceful smile on his face, advertisers are helping to educate consumers by explaining the benefits of lower costs, diversification, and long-run investing, as well as folly of extrapolating recent returns into the future.
	extrapolate	既知のことから推測する	In the first dream, one being dreamt by a free-market economist with a peaceful smile on his face, advertisers are helping to educate consumers by explaining the benefits of lower costs, diversification, and long-run investing, as well as folly of extrapolating recent returns into the future.
	transitory	束の間の	It has only a transitory effect.
	cohort	群	The initial cohort included all 4.4 million people who were ln the workforce at the time.
	at the discretion of	…の自由裁量で	It decided to permit the default fund to employ financial leverage at the discretion of the fund’s management.
	flaunt	見せびらかす	It is not a good idea to flaunt your wealth.
	oblivious	気づかないで	Those in the default fund were also oblivious to a massive change.
	installment	分割払い方式の	Automobile sales continue to be financed in much the same way as the old installment plans, since the lenders retain a lien on the car until the loan is paid off, but the advent of credit cards gave consumers a new way to satisfy their urges for immediate gratification.
	lien	先取権	Automobile sales continue to be financed in much the same way as the old installment plans, since the lenders retain a lien on the car until the loan is paid off, but the advent of credit cards gave consumers a new way to satisfy their urges for immediate gratification.
	gratification	満足	Automobile sales continue to be financed in much the same way as the old installment plans, since the lenders retain a lien on the car until the loan is paid off, but the advent of credit cards gave consumers a new way to satisfy their urges for immediate gratification.
	scrupulous	良心的な	In fact, providers might have a lot of freedom to exploit people’s limited attention, and those who play it straight may lose out to less-scrupulous competitions.
	opacity	不透明度	The opacity of a market that creates d demand for expertise makes it difficult to evaluate the value of advice they offer.
	wary	用心深い	The buyers should be wary.
	audit	監査する	But we think that choice engines have a significant advantage over human advisers: they are much easier to audit.
	in lieu of	〜の代わりに	Credit cards provide a mode of payment in lieu of cash.
	blessedly	幸いにも	Credit cards are blessedly convenient.
	liberate	解放する	Digging into your pocket to find the correct change and managing the large jar of pennies at home are vexations from which you are liberated.
	vexation	苛立たせるもの	Digging into your pocket to find the correct change and managing the large jar of pennies at home are vexations from which you are liberated.
	delinquency	滞納	Around 9 percent of general-purpose cardholders had at least one severe delinquency in the preceding 12 months.
	inhibit	抑制する	Credit cards inhibit self-control in other ways.
	solicitation	勧誘	When the spending limit on one card is reached, a new account can be opened using one of the solicitations that arrive announcing that you have been preapproved.
	slyly	狡猾な方法で	One way credit card companies have slyly raised prices ls by reducing the number of days you have between the time you get your bill and the day your payment is due.
	dent	へこませる	We dent our car backing into a parking spot at night.
	fret	悩む	If you don’t understand what all those term mean, don’t fret.
	dismay	狼狽	To our dismay, in the years since, several countries have considered or made the switch to presumed consent. ※to my dismay 驚いたことに
	the next of kin	近親者	Families are relevant because transplant teams normally have conversations with the next of kin before organs are removed.
	kidney	腎臓	The first successful organ transplant took place in 1954 when a man offered his twin brothers a kidney.
	deceased	故、死去した	The first transplant of a kidney from a deceased donor occurred eight years later.
	autopsy	検死	But in some states, medical examiners performing autopsies have previously been permitted to remove corneas without receiving anyone’s permission.
	cornea	角膜	But in some states, medical examiners performing autopsies have previously been permitted to remove corneas without receiving anyone’s permission.
	loom	ぼんやりと現れる、不気味に迫る	Multivariate analysis can try to untangle this mess, but this is why the small sample problems looms large.
	footnote	脚注	Footnote for statistics geeks
	de facto	事実上の	Thus, de facto, Spain is an opt-in country.
	spare	免れる	Violent storms and gigantic fires do not spare anyone.
	perfect storm	最悪の事態	Sadly, we have what amounts to a perfect storm, a confluence of factors that make collective action difficult.
	amount to	〜に相当する	Sadly, we have what amounts to a perfect storm, a confluence of factors that make collective action difficult.
	confluence	合流	Sadly, we have what amounts to a perfect storm, a confluence of factors that make collective action difficult.
	villain	悪党	No specific villain
	perpetrator	加害者	For some threats, there is an identifiable perpetrator – a wrongdoer whose terrible deeds capture public attention.
	wrongdoer	悪事を働く人	For some threats, there is an identifiable perpetrator – a wrongdoer whose terrible deeds capture public attention.
	deed	行為、証書	For some threats, there is an identifiable perpetrator – a wrongdoer whose terrible deeds capture public attention./True, spouses sometimes really don’t like each other, but is it so terrible to have to wait a short while before the deed is done.
	insuperable	打ち勝てない	We are not saying that these problems are insuperable.
	plague	悩ます	Similar problems plague the fishing industry.
	reap	収穫する	When they scale back pollution, they might not reap many benefits.
	akin	同様に	You can think of nations as akin to those farmers deciding how many cattle to add to the pasture.
	lofty	高尚な	Conversations at the highest level start with lofty, idealistic language about the need for cooperation and how we are all in together, producing a universal plea.
	plea	嘆願	Conversations at the highest level start with lofty, idealistic language about the need for cooperation and how we are all in together, producing a universal plea.
	contentious	好戦的な	In fact, although economists are often a contentious group, this is one topic on which there is nearly unanimous agreement.
	unanimous	満場一致	In fact, although economists are often a contentious group, this is one topic on which there is nearly unanimous agreement.
	belch	噴出する	Should a factory that has been belching black smoke for years be allocated a large number of permits that it can sell by cleaning up its act?
	palatable	快い	Political leaders have called for subsidies, which might have the same effects as taxes, but which might be far more palatable to the public, because they offer gains and do not impose losses.
	insulation	断熱材	They will underinvest in such things as insulation.
	bog down	身動きが取れなくなる	One way to achieve that is to avoid getting bogged down in semantic arguments.
	semantic	意味論的な	One way to achieve that is to avoid getting bogged down in semantic arguments.
	malicious	悪意がある	All choice architects are fallible, and some are even malicious.
	jar	調和しない	We admit that libertarian paternalism was a phrase that was intended to be jarring.
	tweak	つねる	They think that nudges are mere tweaks.
	be wary of	気をつける	We do not meat it is foolish to be wary of literal slippery slopes.
	suffrage	選挙権	An opponent of women’s suffrage once predicted that giving women the right to vote would create a race of masculine women and effeminate men and the mating of these would result in the procreation of a race of degenerates.
	ratify	批准する	We ratified a constitutional amendment in order to ban the sale of alcohol.
	arrow in one’s quiver	とっておきの戦略	Some freedom-loving critics have another arrow in their quiver.
	wish away	願って取り除く	We should not wish them away.
	scantily clad	肌が露わな	Beer commercials do not include a warning that the presence of scantily clad models is designed to attract to attention of viewers and make them more likely to buy the beer.
	insidious	狡猾な	A general objection might be that they are insidious.
	cunning	ずるい	Compare subliminal advertising to something just as cunning.
	palpably	明らかに	They think that if governments nudge, they won’t do anything more, even if nudges are palpably inadequate.
	versatile	多目的に使用できる	These knives are designed to be versatile.
	intoxicate	酔わせる	A nation might impose severe alcohol taxes, nudge people not to drink and drive, and top it off by giving offenders stiff fines if they get caught driving while intoxicated.
	top off	仕上げする	A nation might impose severe alcohol taxes, nudge people not to drink and drive, and top it off by giving offenders stiff fines if they get caught driving while intoxicated.
	intervening	間の	The intervening years have been tumultuous.
	tumultuous	騒々しい	The intervening years have been tumultuous.
	morph	変態する	An idea that once seemed radical has morphed over time from chic to trending to commonplace to possibly passé.
	chic	上品さ	An idea that once seemed radical has morphed over time from chic to trending to commonplace to possibly passé.
	passé	古めかしい	An idea that once seemed radical has morphed over time from chic to trending to commonplace to possibly passé.
	omniscient	全知全能の	We are decidedly not saying that policy designers can or should be omniscient.
	sprint	全力疾走	The final edition of this book was a bit of a sprint.
	amass	蓄積する	People have amassed staggering amounts of credit card debt.
	stagger	よろめく	People have amassed staggering amounts of credit card debt.